“`Places of mass gathering’ …comprise a very diverse group of commercial assets and facilities, typically privately owned and operated, which may include sports venues, amusement parks, concert halls, retail malls, office buildings, residential apartment buildings, and hotelsa nd resorts. These facilities, which make up the Commercial Facilities Sector under the National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP) framework, may be generally characterized by one of four common traits: business activities, personal commercial transactions, recreational pastimes, and accomodations.: (DHS, Statement for the Record, Robert B. Stephan, Assistant Secretary, Infrastructure Protection, National Protection and Programs Directorate… [DHS] before the Committee on Homeland Security, July 9, 2008, p. 1)